Manufacture of glass bottles



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. S. PHASE.

MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES, &c. No. 463,646. Patented Nov. 24, 1891.

Foams. P5485 (No Model.) 2 Sheets'.She et 2.

B. s, PHASE; MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES, 6:0. 7 No. 463,646. PatentedNov. 24, 1891.

.Zw/reifir NITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

ROGER S. PEASE, OF ROSE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO OOURTLANDT BAB- OOOKAND AMBROSE B. EVERTS, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES, 86C- SPECIFIOATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 463,646, dated November 24, 1891.

Application filed February 24, 1891. Serial No. 382.567. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, ROGER S. PEASE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rose, in the county of Ramsey and State of Minnesota, havingmy place of business and postoffice address at Minneapolis, Minnesota,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture ofGlass Bottles, Pipes, &c., of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to the manufacture of glass bottles, pipes,globes, and other articles of like nature, and particularly such asrequire to be made of varying di ameter or of two or more diameters indifferent parts.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View of the mainportion of my apparatus, showing so much thereof as is necessary to aproper explanation of the in vention; Fig. 2, a vertical central sectionof the same as adapted to the manufacture of glass globes, such as areused in connection with electric lights, gas-lamps, &c.; Fig. 3, asimilar view showing the apparatus adapted to the manufacture ofbottles; Fig. 4, a .plan view showing the covers by which the heat isretained in the receptacle containing the molten metal; Figs. 5 and 6,views illustrating the mode of formingthe necks of bottles under thisplan.

In some respects the present apparatus resembles and embodies the modeof working set forth in a patent to me granted on the 13th day ofJanuary, 1891, and numbered 444,560-that is to say, it involves the useof a vertically-movable plunger which rises through a mass of moltenmetal and carries upward upon its exterior a filmor body of glass, whichis subsequently severed from the glass of the receptacle and removedfrom the plunger. In the present instance, however, the plunger is madeof two or more parts, having a joint and an independent movement,whereby certain effects are produced which would otherwise beunattainable with such an apparatus.

Referringa-gain to the annexed drawings, A indicates a receptacledesigned to receive and contain molten metal, the size of the receptacledepending somewhat upon the character of the work to be performed, butbeing preferably small, so as to contain a comparatively-limitedquantity of metal. This receptacle is designed to be supplied eitherfrom V to swing upward out of the way or to be lowered to a horizontalplane coincident with the top of the receptacle A.

E represents a plunger, which is here represented in both cases as ofcylindrical form in cross-section,but which may be of any other desiredform, according to the desired result.

TVithin the plunger E is a secondary plunger F, and so fashioned thatwhen drawn down flush with the top of the main plunger it shall finishout the lines thereof and present the appearance of one complete plungerwithout break or offset of any kind. In Figs. 1 and 2 I have representedthis plunger as of a form corresponding to that of the globes commonlyused in electric-arc lamps, the internal or secondary plunger being of adiameter corresponding to the neck or reduced portion of said globe anddesigned to produce said neck. Thus fashioned the two parts of theplunger are brought flush one with the other at their" tops, as shown inFig. 1, and the plunger, as a whole, is then passed upward from belowthe surface of the molten metal contained in re-,

ceptacle A, thus carrying upward upon its upper end and outer surface afilm or body of metal corresponding exactly to the contour of theplunger and of uniform thickness through out, except at the upper end,where it will ordinarily be slightly thicker than at the sides.

When raised to the proper height-that is to say, when the plungerreaches a point where the proper cutting-line of the film is in linewith the top of the receptacle A or slightly above it-the movement ofthe plunger, as a whole, is stopped, or, in other words, the mainplunger E is brought to a standstill; but the plunger F is caused torise somewhat higher,

passing through and above the plunger E, as indicated in Fig. 2.lhisindependent movement of the plunger causes the still plastic metalwhich lies over it to be drawn upward, as indicated in'said Fig. :3,thereby forming the neck of the globe or body encompassing the upper endof the main plunger. \Vhen in this position if the covers D be alreadylowered, or, after lowering them, if they be elevated, slidingcuttingplates G, lying upon said covers, are thrown inward by means ofhand-levers II and caused to sever the glass on the upper end of theplunger from that below. The globe or body thus produced and U severedfrom the remaining portion is then lifted from the plunger before it hastime to chill and shrink and is taken to the annealing-oven andannealed, the-neck being cut 0d at the proper point by wrapping about ita thread of molten metal, a heated wire, or in any other of the commonand well-known methods generally made use of in glass factories.

It is sometimes desirable to free the plunger in the event of the metalbecoming unduly chilled in the receptacle A or for other reasons, and Itherefore by preference make the bottom A of said receptacle in twoinclependent sections, which are cut out to afford an opening conformingaccurately in size and shape to the exterior of the plunger E, saidbottom sections being counterweighted, so as to properly sustain theweight of the molten metal in the receptacle and bear against each otherand make close contact with the plunger during the working of theapparatus.

The movements of the plungers E and F may be produced in any convenientmanner, and, if desired, a number of plungers may be connected tooperate in unison.

In the drawings I have represented in Fig. 1 the plunger as movablevertically in a suitable guiding base or support and as provided withlevers I and J, by which to operate each independently of the other, afastening-pin K being provided for locking the two cylinders togetherand causing them to move in unison when desired. Eitheror both plungersmay be cooled or heated, as circumstances require, by water, steam, air,or other fluid introduced into their interiors, both plungers being madehollow for this purpose and to insure lightness.

In Fig. 3 I have represented, essentially, the same construction,buthave modified the form of the plunger to adapt it to bottle-making, theoperation being also slightly varied, as will now be explained. As shownin said figure, the upper ends of the plungers are fashioned to form adepression or hollow of the same shape produced in the ordinary glassbottle, though this is not essentiah The compound plunger thus fashionedis raised from the surface of the molten metal in the receptacle A to asufficient height to carry upward a layer or film of molten metal and toproduce the body of the bottle, the exposed surface of the film beingcooled or chilled by the surrounding atmosphere, and the interior beingcooled and chilled by the cool surface of the plunger, so that the filmor body possesses sufficient rigidity to retain its shape while the mainplunger E is drawn down, leaving the body of the bottle sustained bytheinner plunger. The diameter of the secondary plunger F is ust that ofthe mouth or cork hole of the bottle. Then the main plunger is drawnbelow the level of the molten metal and preferably some distance below,the secondary plunger F is raised, and as it is raised more metal 15drawn up from the mass in the receptacle A but the body beingunsupported from within at the point where the drawing occurs, thediameter rapidly reduces until the metal draws from immediately againstthe sides of the 1nner plunger F, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this waythe necking down of the bottle is speedily and accurately performed, thesame shape always resulting, provided ,the consistency of the metal andthe rate of movement be the same or substantially the same. Then thereduced or neck portion reaches the level of the covers D, they arelowered, or, if already lowered, are permitted to retain theirhorizontal position, whereupon the cuttingplates G are drawn inward bythe lovers II, the edges of the cutting-blades being curved to produce abead on or around the mouth of the bottle and thus give to the bottlesub stantially the customary form, as shown 1n Fig. 6. \Vhen the plungeris formed with a depression in its upper end, as in Fig. 3, the plasticmetal may be depressed and caused to conform to said openingby means ofa correspondingly-shaped bunter or tool L, wh ch may be merely ahand-tool,or may be carried in a movable support above the plunger andraised or lowered to the required position at will.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is v 1. Theherein-described method of manufacturing bottles, globes, and articlesof varying diameters in different portions,which consists in passing atwo-part plunger through a mass of molten metal to form the main bodyand then moving a secondary plunger through the first to effect theformation of the reduced portion, substantially as set forth.

2. The herein-described method of forming hollow bodies of glass havingdifferent diameters in different parts, which consists in first passinga two-part plunger through a mass of molten metal and thereby formingupon the plunger the body of the article desired, withdrawing the mainplunger and leaving said body sustained by the secondary plunger, nextelevating the secondary plunger and thereby producing the reduced orneck portion, and finally severing the neck.

In combination with a receptacle adapted to contain molten metal, aplunger movable through the metal in the same, and a second IIO plungermovable through the first, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

-l. In combination with a receptacle adapted to containmolten metal, aplunger movable through the same, a second plunger movable through thefirst, and means, substantially such as described, for moving saidplungers.

5. In combination with a receptacle A and main plunger movable throughthe same, a secondary plungermovable through the first,

. cover-plates D, adapted to cover or partially cover the receptacle A,and cutting-plates G, mounted upon said cover-plates and adapted to actin conjunction with the plunger to sever the glass thereon;

6. The combination, substantially as set forth, of receptacle A,compound plungers E F, cover-plates D, cutting-blades G, and 1evers Hfor actuating said cutting-blades.

7. In combination with receptacle A, compound plungers E F, and levers IJ for actuating said plungers, a fastening K for connecting saidplunger-s and causing them to .move in unison.

